Understand the basic principles, types, applications and selection points of ESD electrostatic protectors in one article

ESD electrostatic protector is a component specially designed to absorb and disperse electrostatic discharge (ESD) energy. It is widely used in electronic equipment and circuits to protect electronic components from ESD events. This article will introduce the basic principles, types, applications and selection points of ESD electrostatic protectors.

Basic principles of ESD electrostatic protectors

The basic principle of ESD electrostatic protectors is to use their fast response and high energy absorption capabilities to quickly guide the high-voltage energy generated in ESD events to the ground wire or other safe locations, thereby protecting electronic components from damage. The response speed of the ESD electrostatic protector is very fast, generally at the nanosecond level, and can quickly turn on and absorb the energy in the ESD event.

Types of ESD electrostatic protectors

There are many types of ESD electrostatic protectors, the common ones include diodes, TVS diodes, MOV (metal oxide varistor), etc. Different types of ESD electrostatic protectors differ in response speed, energy absorption capacity, reverse voltage, etc., so selection and application need to be based on specific circumstances.

1. Diode

Diodes are one of the most common ESD protection devices and have the characteristics of fast response, low reverse voltage and low leakage current. The working principle of a diode is to use the characteristics of its PN junction to conduct when forward biased and cut off when reverse biased. When an ESD event occurs, the diode can conduct quickly and direct high-voltage energy to the ground or other safe locations to protect electronic components.

2.TVS diode

TVS diode (Transil) is a component specially designed to absorb and disperse ESD energy. It has the characteristics of fast response, high energy absorption capacity and low reverse voltage. The working principle of TVS diodes is to use its special structure and materials to have high impedance during normal operation. When an ESD event occurs, it can conduct quickly to disperse and absorb high-voltage energy.

3.MOV

MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) is a type of resistor that utilizes the properties of metal oxides to provide fast response, high energy absorption capabilities, and low reverse voltage. The working principle of MOV is to use its special structure and materials to have high impedance during normal operation. When an ESD event occurs, it can conduct quickly to disperse and absorb high-voltage energy.

Application of ESD electrostatic protector

ESD electrostatic protectors are widely used in electronic equipment and circuits to protect electronic components from ESD events. In PCB design, ESD electrostatic protectors are usually added to the power input terminal and signal input terminal to protect the circuit from ESD events; at the same time, ESD electrostatic protectors are also added to the data lines and communication lines to protect Communication equipment and data transmission lines.

Key points for selecting ESD electrostatic protectors

When choosing an ESD protector, you need to consider the following points:

1. Response speed: The faster the response speed of the ESD electrostatic protector, the better the protection of electronic components.

2. Energy absorption capacity: The higher the energy absorption capacity of the ESD electrostatic protector, the better the protection against ESD events.

3. Reverse voltage: The reverse voltage of the ESD electrostatic protector should be lower than the working voltage of other components in the circuit to avoid impact on the circuit.

4. Size and cost: The size and cost of the ESD electrostatic protector should be adapted to the application scenario to ensure the performance and cost of the entire circuit.

5. Conclusion

ESD electrostatic protector is a very important component used to protect electronic components from ESD events. Through the introduction of this article, I believe readers will have a deeper understanding of ESD electrostatic protectors. In the future design of electronic equipment, ESD electrostatic protectors will continue to play an important role in ensuring the stability and reliability of electronic equipment.

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